1. Inappropriate ratio, bridge and tip
   The upper part of the nasal bridge can be augmented easily because the underlying nasal bone is rigid. On the other hand, the nasal tip is hard to be built up due to soft cartilage framework of the tip. Frequently, over corrected nasal bridge with insufficient tip projection evokes unnatural inappropriate ratio of dorsum and tip.
   Uppper part of nasal bridge is augmented too much with injectable filler with low profile tip projection. Unnatural highlight on the upper nasal bridge is seen on the frontal view
2. Visible implant underneath the skin envelope
   The silhouette of implant can be revealed through the skin due to inappropriate size or malposition. It is rarely because of the thin skin envelope rather definite contrast between highlight of the implant prominence and shadow of step deformity along the border. In revision, remodeling of the impant is more important procedure than dermal graft. For example, deviated implant makes prominent contrast on ipilateral side in contrast to the opposite one. After correction of deviation, the step deformity can be improved as well.
   
3. Wide bridge
   The nasal bony width can be reduced for a natural smooth sidewall with bone shaving or cutting the junction of nasal bone. This lateral osteotomy can be done with a precise osteotome safely even under local anesthesia with light sedation. Usually, no nasal packing is needed. Complication includes severe epistaxis within 3 weeks by mild movement of bone flap before healing. It can be managed by simple packing like a general epistaxis and usually never recurr. Internal valve of the nose is definitley safe with bypass through vestibule to nasal bone route.
4. Nostril scar
   The nostril is the opening of the nasal cavity. The vestibule which is the entrance of the nasal cavity has the concave wall. The violation of the wall concavity can be seen easily from outside. Nostril deformity can be corrected by restoring concavity of the vestibule and continuity of the columella
5. Short nose
   The ratio of the projection to the length of the nose should be 1 to 1.5~1.7. The tip might be rotated upward too much by the previous surgery (cephalic rotation) to become a short nose.
   
   Infection around the implant causes capsular contracture to shorten the nasal bridge and nasap tip deformity.
   Capsular contracture is a response of the immune system to foreign materials in the human body. The occurrence of capsular contraction follows the formation of capsules of tightly-woven collagen fibers, created by the immune response to the presence of foreign objects surgically installed to the human body
   Short nose due to cephalic rotation of the alar cartilage
   
   
   short nose due to inflammatory contracture
6. Nasal deformity distorted by the implant malposition.
   The silhouette of the implant can be revealed through the skin or extruding due to inappropriate implant size or malposition. Deviated implant or cartilage graft(onlay or strut form) malposition can distort the neighboring cartilages frameworks permanently. The long-neglected alar cartilage and nostril deformities are hard to correct adequately. In this case, the reoperation should be done immediately even before 6 months after primary surgery. Thin skin coverage should be reinforced with the dermal graft.
   Severe implant deviation
7. Pinched tip deformity, too prominent tip
   The tip can be narrower too much by inappropriate alar cartilage fixationor onlay graft protruding silhouette through the thin skin, pinched alar cartilage should be separated adequately with interposition cartilage graft and the skin thickness augmented with dermal graft. The natural lower nasal bridge should be slightly wider than upper part gradually.
   
   
   fixation of alar cartilage at wrong point disrupt the normal tip width
   
   
   Visible cartilage graft underneath thin skin coverage
8. Blunt tip
   The nasal tip is the most protruding part of the face. If the augmentation is done at slightly upper level than the exact apex of the tip, the tip is not projected but thicker and blunter than before.
   

1. Autogenous graft
   
   Autogenous dermis
   Inappropriate implant position deteriorates the normal thickness of the overlying skin. The skin thickness over the nasal tip should be compensated by dermal graft from tailbone area. The skin over the tailbone is the thickest of the human body.
   Dermis is the second layer just beneath the epidermis layer mainly consisting of collagen. Donor site scar is about 1.5CM and hidden at the crest between two buttocks. We use dermal graft only for the nasal tip unlike some surgeons use for a whole length of nasal bridge. A dermal graft for a whole length nasal bridge might make nose too blunt and donor site scar noticeable.
   
   Instead of dermis, temporal fascia or skin allograft donated by a human cadaver could be used for the rhinoplasty. But fascia is too thin and an allograft not that safe as an autogenous graft.
   
   Autogenous cartilage
   

   conchal cartilage	septal cartilage	costal cartilage

   Unlike the stable upper nasal bridge, the nasal tip is mobile. Tip-plasty needs an autogenous cartilage graft to reduce the ratio of an artificial prosthesis.
   For rhinoplasty, ear conchal cartilage, septal cartilage, and costal cartilage is used according to their elasticity, strength and texture. Autogenous cartilage graft forms its own blood supply and no physical stress is applied to over the covering skin. Some surgeons use the allograft cartilage donated by the human cadaver. But an allograft cartilage could be absorbed in their volume and vulnerable to infection. JJ does not use the allograft for revision rhinoplasty.
   
   JJ does not use the allograft for revision rhinoplasty.
   
   
   1. Toriumi DM1. Choosing Autologous vs Irradiated Homograft Rib Costal Cartilage for Grafting in Rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2017 Mar 23
   2. Wee JH, Mun SJ, Na WS3, Kim H, Park JH, Kim DK, Jin HR. Autologous vs Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage as Graft Material in Rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2017 Mar 23.
2. Preoperative Evalution &Measurement of the Nasal structure
   
   3D CT evaluation/Preoperative Evalution &Measurement of the Nasal structure
   
   
   Preoperative Evalution &Measurement of the Nasal structure
   
   Usually, the skeletal frameworks of the nose can be easily identified due to its thin skin and soft tissue covering. However, in the revision case, the thick scar and capsules beneath the skin envelope interfere identifying inner structure. This unpredictability in revision cases can be overcome with the 3 Dimensional CT scan, which provides shape and location of the implants and foreign body as well. More accurate information about inner framework can be much beneficial to result of surgery.
   
   3D facial scanner
   3 D scanner analysis/ Precise diagnostic system with 3D simulation
   Fine evaluation of the facial surface anatomy could identify microscopic fine structural information without exposing radiation.
   The 3D facial scanner in JJ is an optical stripe projection method (LED) which is harmless to the human body. It can scan the asymmetry and drooping of the pre-operative face and predict the post-operative appearance in 3D photo.
   Unlike existing 2D-based diagnostic programs, 3D images are used for visualization and counseling. You can relieve the anxiety about the results of surgery and accurately share the goals of surgery between doctors and patients.

   Before surgery:: Precise 3D virtual simulation By scanning the face with multiple angles and performing comprehensive analysis with CT, the surgery can be planned and the change after surgery can be predicted through predictive simulation.	After surgery:: Comparison of before and after with Based on the results before and after, the actual changes can be seen from various angles in 3D

3. Self Equipped Laboratory and X-ray facility
   
   Preoperative check up can be done immediately at our own lab., Chemistry, Blood cell count, urine analysis, chest X-ray and 3D scan and CT, so you don’t need to wait for a long time to get the results.
4. Safe Anesthesia monitored by a board-certified anesthesiologist
   
   All procedures are performed under deep sedation or light general anesthesia via the venous Precedex administration closely monitored by an experienced board-certified anesthesiologist.  

"Intesive care program for early recovery ICPER"

	Hyperbarric oxygen therapy High pressure oxygen environment could supply rich Oxygen to the wound tissue for an early recovery and clear wound healing
	LED Therapy Increase blood supply to the tissue by blood vessel dilation through LED light thermotherapy.